Nobel Prize in Chemistry Winners 2022-1901(also available in alphabetical arrangement) |
2022
The prize was awarded to: CAROLYN R. BERTOZZI, MORTEN MELDAL, and K. BARRY SHARPLESS for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry
The prize was awarded jointly to: BENJAMIN LIST, and DAVID W. C. MACMILLAN for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis.
The prize was awarded to: EMMANUELLE CHARPENTIER, and JENNIFER A. DOUDNA for the development of a method for genome editing.
The prize was awarded to: JOHN GOODENOUGH, M. STANLEY WHITTINGHAM , and AKIRA YOSHINO for the development of lithium-ion batteries
The prize was awarded with one half to: FRANCES H. ARNOLD, for the directed evolution of enzymes and the other half jointly to: GEORGE P. SMITH , and SIR GREGORY P. WINTER for the phage display of peptides and antibodies
The prize was awarded jointly to: JACQUES DUBOCHET, JOACHIM FRANK , and RICHRD HENDERSON for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution.
The prize was awarded jointly to: JEAN-PIERRE SAUVAGE, SIR J. FRASER STODDART, and BERNARD L. FERINGA for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.
The prize was awarded jointly to: TOMAS LINDAHL, PAUL MODRICH, and AZIZ SANCAR for mechanistic studies of DNA repair.
The prize was awarded jointly to: ERIC BETZIG, STEFAN W. HELL, and WILLIAM E. MOERNER for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy.
The prize was awarded jointly to: MARTIN KARPLUS, MICHAEL LEVITT, and ARIEH WARSHEL for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems.
The prize was awarded jointly to: ROBERT J. LEFKOWITZ and BRIAN K. KOBILKA for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors.
The prize was awarded to: DANIEL SHECHTMAN for the discovery of quasicrystals.
The prize was awarded jointly to: RICHARD F. HECK, EI-ICHI NEGISHI, and AKIRA SUZUKI for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis.
The prize goes to: VENKATRAMAN RAMAKRISHNAN, THOMAS A. STEITZ, and ADA E. YONATH for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome.
The prize goes to: OSAMU SHIMOMURA, MARTIN CHALFIE, and ROGER Y TSIEN for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP.
The prize goes to: GERHARD ERTL for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces.
The prize goes to: ROGER D. KORNBERG for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription.
The prize is being awarded jointly to: YVES CHAUVIN, ROBERT H. GRUBBS , and RICHARD R. SCHROCK for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis.
The prize is being awarded jointly to: AARON CIECHANOVER, AVRAM HERSHKO , and IRWIN ROSE for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
The prize is being awarded for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes with one half of the prize to: PETER AGRE, for the discovery of water channels and the other half of the prize to: RODERICK MACKINNON for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels.
The prize is being awarded for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules with one half jointly to: JOHN B. FENN, and KOICHI TANAKA, for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules and the other half to: KURT WÜTHRICH for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution.
The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to: WILLIAM S. KNOWLES, and RYOJI NOYORI, for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions and the other half to: K. BARRY SHARPLESS for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions.
The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to: ALAN J. HEEGER, ALAN G. MACDIARMID, and HIDEKI SHIRAKAWA for the discovery and development of conductive polymers.
AHMED ZEWAIL for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy.
The prize was awarded for pioneering contributions in developing methods that can be used for theoretical studies of the properties of molecules and the chemical processes in which they are involved. The prize was divided equally between: WALTER KOHN for his development of the density-functional theory and
JOHN A. POPLE
for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry.
The prize was divided, one half being awarded jointly to: PAUL D. BOYER and JOHN E. WALKER for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and with one half to: JENS C. SKOU for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+-ATPase.
The prize was awarded jointly to: ROBERT F. CURL, Jr. , SIR HAROLD W. KROTO , and RICHARD E. SMALLEY for their discovery of fullerenes.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
PAUL CRUTZEN
,
MARIO MOLINA
,
and
F. SHERWOOD ROWLAND
for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.
GEORGE A. OLAH for his contribution to carbocation chemistry.
The prize was awarded for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry equally between: KARY B. MULLIS for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. and
MICHAEL SMITH
for his fundamental
contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based,
site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies.
RUDOLPH A. MARCUS for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems.
RICHARD R. ERNST for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
ELIAS JAMES COREY for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis.
The prize was awarded jointly to: SIDNEY ALTMAN and THOMAS R. CECH for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA.
The prize was awarded jointly to: JOHANN DEISENHOFER , ROBERT HUBER and HARTMUT MICHEL for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre.
The prize was awarded jointly to: DONALD J. CRAM , JEAN-MARIE LEHN and CHARLES J. PEDERSEN for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity.
The prize was awarded jointly to: DUDLEY R. HERSCHBACH , YUAN T. LEE and JOHN C. POLANYI for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes.
The prize was awarded jointly to: HERBERT A. HAUPTMAN and JEROME KARLE for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures.
ROBERT BRUCE MERRIFIELD for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix.
HENRY TAUBE for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes.
SIR AARON KLUG for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nuclei acid-protein complexes.
The prize was awarded jointly to: KENICHI FUKUI and ROALD HOFFMANN for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions.
The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: PAUL BERG for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA and the other half jointly to: WALTER GILBERT and FREDERICK SANGER for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids.
The prize was divided equally between: HERBERT C. BROWN and GEORG WITTIG for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis.
PETER D. MITCHELL for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory.
ILYA PRIGOGINE for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures.
WILLIAM N.. LIPSCOMB for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding.
The prize was divided equally between:
SIR JOHN WARCUP CORNFORTH
for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
and VLADIMIR PRELOG for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions.
PAUL J. FLORY for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules.
The prize was divided equally between: ERNST OTTO FISCHER and SIR GEOFFREY WILKINSON for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds.
The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: CHRISTIAN B. ANFINSEN for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active confirmation and the other half jointly to: STANFORD MOORE and WILLIAM H. STEIN for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule.
GERHARD HERZBERG for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic stucture and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals.
LUIS F. LELOIR for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates.
The prize was divided equally between: SIR DEREK H. R. BARTON and ODD HASSEL for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry.
LARS ONSAGER for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes.
The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: and the other half jointly to: RONALD GEORGE WREYFORD NORRISH and LORD GEORGE PORTER for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short pulses of energy.
ROBERT S. MULLIKEN for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method.
ROBERT BURNS WOODWARD for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis.
DOROTHY CROWFOOT HODGKIN for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances.
The prize was divided equally between: KARL ZIEGLER and GIULIO NATTA for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers.
The prize was divided equally between: MAX FERDINAND PERUTZ and SIR JOHN COWDERY KENDREW for their studies of the structures of globular proteins.
MELVIN CALVIN for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants.
WILLARD FRANK LIBBY for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science.
JAROSLAV HEYROVSKY for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis.
FREDERICK SANGER for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin.
LORD ALEXANDER R. TODD for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes.
The prize was awarded jointly to: SIR CYRIL NORMAN HINSHELWOOD and NIKOLAY NIKOLAEVICH SEMENOV for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions.
VINCENT DU VIGNEAUD for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone.
LINUS CARL PAULING for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances.
HERMANN STAUDINGER for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry.
The prize was awarded jointly to: ARCHER JOHN PORTER MARTIN and RICHARD LAURENCE MILLINGTON SYNGE for their invention of partition chromatography.
The prize was awarded jointly to: EDWIN MATTISON MC MILLAN and GLENN THEODORE SEABORG for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements.
The prize was awarded jointly to: OTTO PAUL HERMANN DIELS and KURT ALDER for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis.
WILLIAM FRANCIS GIAUQUE for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures.
ARNE WILHELM KAURIN TISELIUS for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins.
SIR ROBERT ROBINSON for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids.
The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: JAMES BATCHELLER SUMNER for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized. the other half jointly to JOHN HOWARD NORTHROP and WENDELL MEREDITH STANLEY for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form.
ARTTURI ILMARI VIRTANEN for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method.
OTTO HAHN for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei.
GEORGE DE HEVESY for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes.
1942-1940The prize money was allocated to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3) of this prize section.
ADOLF FRIEDRICH JOHANN BUTENANDT for his work on sex hormones. (Caused by the authorities of his country to decline the award but later received the diploma and the medal). and LEOPOLD RUZICKA for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes.
RICHARD KUHN for his work on carotenoids and vitamins. (Caused by the authorities of his country to decline the award but later received the diploma and the medal.)
The prize was divided equally between: SIR WALTER NORMAN HAWORTH for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C. and PAUL KARRER for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2.
PETRUS (PETER) JOSEPHUS WILHELMUS DEBYE for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases.
The prize was awarded jointly to: FRÉDÉRIC JOLIOT and IRÈNE JOLIOT-CURIE in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements.
HAROLD CLAYTON UREY for his discovery of heavy hydrogen.
The prize money was allocated to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the
Special Fund (2/3) of this prize section.
IRVING LANGMUIR for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry.
The prize was awarded jointly to: CARL BOSCH and FRIEDRICH BERGIUS in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods.
HANS FISCHER for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin.
The prize was divided equally between: SIR ARTHUR HARDEN and HANS KARL AUGUST SIMON VON EULER-CHELPIN for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes.
ADOLF OTTO REINHOLD WINDAUS for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins.
HEINRICH OTTO WIELAND for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances.
THE (THEODOR) SVEDBERG for his work on disperse systems.
RICHARD ADOLF ZSIGMONDY for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry.
The prize money for 1924 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
FRITZ PREGL for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances.
FRANCIS WILLIAM ASTON for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule.
FREDERICK SODDY , for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes.
WALTHER HERMANN NERNST in recognition of his work in thermochemistry.
The prize money for 1919 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
FRITZ HABER for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements.
1917-1916The prize money for 1917-1916 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
RICHARD MARTIN WILLSTÄTTER for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll.
THEODORE WILLIAM RICHARDS , in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements.
ALFRED WERNER in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry.
The prize was divided equally between: VICTOR GRIGNARD for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry and PAUL SABATIER for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years.
MARIE CURIE, née Marie Sklodowska, in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.
OTTO WALLACH in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds.
WILHELM OSTWALD in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction.
LORD ERNEST RUTHERFORD for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances.
EDUARD BUCHNER for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cellfree fermentation.
HENRI MOISSAN in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him.
JOHANN FRIEDRICH WILHELM ADOLF VON BAEYER in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds.
SIR WILLIAM RAMSAY in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system.
SVANTE AUGUST ARRHENIUS in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation.
HERMANN EMIL FISCHER in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses.
JACOBUS HENRICUS VAN'T HOFF in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions.
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